INTRODUCTION
The report helps in analyzing the case study of the Morgan family and the issues that they are facing to a large extent. This family is being known for providing children’s services for about 12 years. It has also been stated that Harry and Jake are coming from a large family and has four brother and sisters who range from 14 weeks to 12 years’ maximum. Thus, in this report, various stages of lifecycle development have been discussed. Other than this, this report will also help in analyzing the various strategies that would be adopted by them in their complete lifecycle development in a positive way (Backer and Lynch, 2017). In addition to this, this report also highlights the theory of needs in terms of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs that would help in analyzing the basic needs that would further lead them in developing themselves for better future life.
TASK 1
Different stages of the lifecycle.
Lifecycle development is termed as the continuous sequence in terms of changes that are being undergone by a person from one particular firm to another so that they can develop themselves in the same form. In other words, it includes series of stages that are from childhood stage to middle age which helps in characterizing the course in terms of the existence of the group, individual, and culture (Fallatah and Syed, 2018). It is further termed as the series of those stages through which family may go through or pass over this time. In addition to this, typical stages that are involved in this development of lifecycle process involves a single young adult, a newly married couple a family along with the young children’s, a family that has adolescents with them, the one who is about to launch the children and a family in their later life. Thus, the various stages that are involved in lifecycle development have been discussed as per the below context-
Individual stage– This is the stage that takes place during young adulthood. Thus, at this stage, the person begins to separate from the family as soon as possible and later tries to live their life independently without any bonds. While, as per the case study, there were multiple and complex needs of the Morgan family and were therefore characterized by the trilogy of risk which is also known as a toxic trio.
Beginning stage– this is the first stage where the family is being developed and established. This is the stage where every member involved in the family has to learn to manage the resources, energy, income on time so that they can fulfil the basic needs and requirements of the family.
Social stage- Jake and harry as per the case study always witnessed that their father was always abusing their mother at every point. This made the physical care of all the children worse and also affected them socially. All the children were affected very much by the Morgan family. Jake was suffering from asthma along with learning disabilities. Harry was also having learning disabilities.
Physical stage– The local authority eventually took all the children into care because they were suffering from various problems and were at the highest risk of getting harm significantly. Thus, even for social workers, it was impossible to place all the children together. Therefore, they placed harry and Jake in the same foster home. And all others were divided into different places. Hopefully, this home will help them in fostering themselves in both physical and mental ways.
Parenting stage– This is also the most important stage in lifecycle development. In this stage, there is the significant importance of commitments between their parents so that they can communicate positively by making and bringing out innovative decisions in terms of solving all kinds of problems that their family is facing. Thus, it is being analyzed that Jane and Mark must be so strong that they should have helped their children to overcome the challenges that they are facing in their life by making them strong and offering love so that they would have lived a healthy and safe life together and forever. This would have also helped the parents to make the right decisions by taking step towards the success and healthy and happy life with their children.
Concept of nature and nurture
Nature is something that an individual think of as the prewiring and is therefore influenced by some kind of genetic inheritance and other biological factors. While nurture is the concept that is being described as that which is being taken as an influence of the external factors after the conception (Haleand et.al., 2017). It includes exposure products, life experiences, and also learning on an individual. This ability will therefore help Jake in supporting his siblings from his father and the family issues that he is facing to a great extent.
TASK 2
Different needs at different points of the lifecycle.
Needs is defined as something that is required or necessary for a person to live a wise and healthy life and are further distinguished from wants. Other than this, need is also defined as something that is being required to stay safe and healthy life for the future (Wilson, Bell and Witteman, 2018).
The Needs Theory
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is the motivational theory that comprises of the five-tier model of the human needs that is often depicted as hierarchical levels within a particular pyramid. Thus, the needs further lower down in the hierarchy must be therefore satisfied before individuals attend to those higher-ups in needs (Bouzenitaand Boulanouar, 2016). The needs that are included in the pyramid are termed as physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. In other words, it is the motivational theory in psychology form that comprises a five-tier model of the needs and requirements of human beings that are been analyzed as per the pyramids. Thus, the needs and the theory has been discussed further as per the below context-
Psychological needs- This is that needs which include most and common basic needs and requirements to survive which means air, water, and food. It has been further analyzed by Maslow that the body and mind cannot function properly if they do not meet and get fulfilled with such needs. Further, they are highly dominant, and if one is missing then they may not work appropriately in their daily life. This can be therefore satisfied by the paycheck of a particular person.
Safety and security- Thus, if the physiological needs relatively well contend then the new needs will reappear which are therefore known as safety needs (Kim, Baekand Choe, 2020). These are those requirements that are referred to as the desire of a person in terms of security and protection. Everything, therefore, looks less important as compared to safety and protection.
Social needs- This means the need that comes in terms of association, affiliation, friendship, and so on. If this is fulfilled then it may lead the person towards a high level of success.
Self-esteem needs- Further, this need encompasses confidence, strength, self-belief, personal and social acceptance, and respect for others that are involved with them. In addition to this, it is being represented as one of the basic stages to achieve contentedness and self-actualization (Wilson, Bell and Witteman, 2018).
Self-actualization needs- This is the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy which further refers to the realization of the potential of a person, their self-fulfilment, seeking their personal growth. In addition to this, Maslow describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that can be done by a particular person or either to become the most that one can do from it. Moreover, individuals may perceive to focus on this need very specifically. It has also been highlighted by Maslow that orders in terms of needs may be flexible which are therefore based on the external circumstances or individual differences (Elhariri Essamlali, Sekhari and Bouras, 2017).
Thus, it is being analyzed that the human beings that are involved get motivated by these needs, and basic needs must be more or less met as compared to that of the higher needs (Kumar, 2017). Other than this the order of needs is not rigid but may be flexible instead that is based on external circumstances or individual differences. In addition to this, most behaviour that is highlighted is multimotivated and is therefore determined simultaneously by more than one particular basic need desired by the people.
Outline theories concerning identity including race/ culture or disability
Critical disability theory is defined for a diverse and interdisciplinary set of theoretical perspectives. The main task behind this is to assess disability as a cultural, historical, social, and relative phenomenon. In the present case of Jake’s development, this theory is considered a subject-oriented area which includes scrutinize not bodily or mental impairments in which social norms define it with the social conditions of Jake’s development. According to other authors, it can be stated that engage with other power instead of vulnerable embodiment. In this way, disable Jake can improve his power relations (Assal and Chiasson, 2018).
Jake’s needs and the consequences of his needs that not being met
Jake’s suffering too much due to his disability and asthma. Maximum time he is unable to get inhalers when needed. Morgan’s family is a family to take care of these kinds of children. The special needs of this child determine with a wide array of diagnoses to resolve quickly challenges that face by Jake. He required effective medical conditions, psychiatric conditions, etc. that were needed by Jake. Mark is addicted to drinks and drugs so that it is the main reason the needs of his children are not fulfilled and being met (Mohammed, Niazi and Mahmood, 2017). Furthermore, it is essential to obtain needed services such as an inhaler at the time of requirement, set appropriate goals, and understanding regarding Jake. Along with this, other consequences of his needs are milestones unmet, food banned, etc.
How Jake’s needs are interrelated with future development
Jake’s required love, encouragement, and support with learning disabilities. This is because in the future development program for him positive reinforcement assists to ensure that it emerges with a strong sense of confidence and determination. It is helpful to deal with a tough situation. Morgan’s family is famous to take care of this kind of children so that they need to keep things in a perspective manner (Wilson, Bell Wilson and Witteman, 2018). They need to prepare Jake to face challenges and dealing with obstacles as well. With the help of becoming own expert, a learning disability program must be established. In this consideration, different educational techniques must be used, therapies took, etc. Furthermore, it is essential to lead with be an advocate with Jake’s so that his future development program successfully runs in positive consideration. In this way, proper communication skills must be used to improve effectiveness (Hefnawy, Bouras and Cherifi, 2018).
Socio-economic status of the family and how it impacts their needs
The socio-economic status of the family is defined by having different dimensions such as family income, parents’ education level, and occupational work. It is considered widely in academic research that demonstrates the impact on the needs of family members. As per the present case study, Jack’s family members are addicted to drugs and drinks that create a negative impact on children’s needs. Father physically abusing Jack and Harry’s mother so that it creates a worse impact on the growth and needs of children. This family is characterized by the trilogy of risk that is also known as a toxic trio (Paavel, Karjust and Majak, 2017).
TASK 3
Theory applied to Jake’s development
From the present case analysis, towards the development of Jake’s it can be stated that Bowlby’s attachment theory applied. This theory is generally applied when a person is emotionally bonded with another. Instead of this, it can be stated that things that occur with the presence of attachment are very difficult to understand. This is the main reason for the emerging theory of Bowlby. John Bowlby established this theory so that it is known as his name. As per the theory, it can be stated that attachment is psychologically connected that established among humans for a longer period (Kieffer, Ghouti and Macq, 2017). In the case of Jake’s his parents are unattached from him so he takes care of Morgan’s family needs to establish a personal connection with children. This is because attachment keeps connected to satisfy them. Following are different benefits with this theory that can be successfully implemented for the improvement of Jake:
- Safe Haven: Jake’s development can be established by relying on the Morgan family. It helps to feel him comfortable whenever he feels threatened, danger, etc. For instance, a hug with the caretaker feels him very comfortable so that it assists to promote effective consideration (Reed, Denman and Inward, 2018).
- Secure Base: Another perspective of this theory for Jake’s development is established as a good and reliable foundation for the child to improve effective learning. This element of Bowlby’s theory determines the secure place where Jake’s development is established with playing movement (Kieffer, Ghouti and Macq, 2017).
- Proximity Maintenance: It means that the child aims to explore the whole world and still tries to connect close connections with the caregiver (Elhariri Essamlali, Sekhari and Bouras, 2017). In other words, Jake’s connection is established with Morgan gamily so that it assists to share problems with them easily. Maintenance of proximity with caretaker ascertains in positive consideration (Reed, Denman and Inward, 2018).
- Separation distress: When Jake feels unhappy and sorrowful, this theory must be considered for becoming separated from a caregiver. From the present case, it can be stated that at the time of the father abusing to mother, separation of a child is needed (Kim, Baekand Choe, 2020).
How theory explain and what happens to Morgan family
To implement Bowlby’s theory in the present case of Jake’s development, it can be stated that a relationship can be established with different types of attachment styles. Therefore, the following different perspective of style explained:
- Secure attachment: When Jake’s securely attached to the Morgan family. He feels happy and upset separated from him. Apart from this, if he feels distressed secure attachment makes him strong (Paavel, Karjust and Majak, 2017).
- Ambivalent attachment: Jake’s development is also based on the ambivalent attachment that helps to deal with the upset and sorrowful situation. In this way, development is managed by relying on the caregiver by a child (Reed, Denman and Inward, 2018).
- Avoidant attachment: In addition to this, present attachment is determined that tends to keep away Jake’s from parents. This is because it increases the chances of stress among children. In this kind of attachment neglect is an important solution for children (Kim, Baekand Choe, 2020).
- Disorganized attachment: It is a further kind of attachment in which there is no clear perspective demonstrates. When Morgan’s family deal as an apprehensive caregiver and reassuring one at different times Jake’s development ascertain (Wilson, Bell and Witteman, 2018).
Drawbacks of the chosen theory
In terms of considering Bowlby’s attachment theory, certain drawbacks also take place. In thesis aspect,
- It can be stated that it can get a failure to recognize certain elements such as the influence of social class, gender, ethnicity, culture on personality development, etc.
- These factors are independent in the present case of Jake’s development that can be significantly demonstrated as the quality of attachment (Kieffer, Ghouti and Macq, 2017).
- It has been analysed that being huge advancements in field of genetics they have not been found any gene that may help in controlling attachment.
- This leads in suggesting that attachment may not innate.
Theory consider all aspect of Jake’s development or not
In the case of Jake’s development, it can be stated that parents are not supportive and caring towards their children. Therefore, the caregiver considers all aspects of Jake’s development from a positive perspective. In addition to this, it can be stated that the influence of certain elements is also not applied in this case because parents are addicted to drugs and drinks. In this case, the father of Jake’s physically abused her mother so that it creates a negative impact on the functioning of Jake’s development (Elhariri Essamlali, Sekhari and Bouras, 2017).
How theory may or may not help professionals
Professionally, this theory is a helpful perspective because it demonstrated a clear view of attachment. It includes a haven, a secure base, and proximity maintenance and separation distress. These are four attributes that are most effective evident concerning the established relationship between child and caregiver (Kieffer, Ghouti and Macq, 2017).
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
From the present study, it can be summarised that it is based on a case study of Morgan’s family and issues that are facing from a large perspective. They are providing services of care to children for the last 12 years. Therefore, in the case of Jake’s development, there is a wider issue is large family members and disability. The report provides regarding stages of the lifecycle of Jake’s and strategies to complete development of him. Furthermore, it also provides a discussion of the concept of nature and nurture that influences different kinds of perspectives. Moreover, the report explained Maslow’s hierarchy theory that depicts different levels of needs in the pyramid. In addition to this, there are different kinds of areas considered in which the development of Jake’s is taken with Maslow’s theory. The social-economic status of the family is also considered in the report with its impact on several family members. At last, it provides a discussion on Bowlby’s theory that is a most essential component for the development of Jake. In this way, the report also explained the drawbacks of the theory that create a negative impact on effective results among Jake.
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